Minerals in Coal

Selected References - revised November 2007

TSOP members have found these references to be useful in their work.
They should be available at university or geological research center libraries.
They are not available from TSOP (except for those listed on our Publications page)

Baumann, D.R., 1982, The occurrence and distribution of mineral matter in coal lithotypes in the Herrin (No. 6) coal seam under marine and non-marine influences: Carbondale, Southern Illinois University, unpublished M.S. thesis, 151 p.

Birk, D., 1989, Coal minerals: quantitative and descriptive SEM-EDX analysis: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 8, p. 55-62.

Birk, D., 1990, Quantitative coal mineralogy of the Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada, by scanning electron microscopy, computerized image analysis, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 27, p. 163-179.

Bohor, B.F., and D.M. Triplehorn, 1993, Tonsteins: altered volcanic-ash layers in coal-bearing sequences: GSA Special Paper 285, 56 p.

Burger, K., and H.H. Damberger, 1985, Tonsteins in the coalfields of western Europe and North America, in Compte Rendu of IXICC: SIU Press, Carbondale, v. 4, p. 433-448.

Cecil, C.B., J.J. Renton, R.W. Stanton, and F.T. Dulong, 1979, Some geologic factors controlling mineral matter in coal, in A.C. Donaldson, M.W. Presley, and J.J. Renton, eds., Carboniferous coal short course and guidebook: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Bulletin B-37-1, p. 224-239.

Cecil, C.B., R.W. Stanton, F.T. Dulong, and J.J. Renton, 1979, Geologic factors that control mineral matter in coal, in A.C. Donaldson, M.W. Presley, and J.J. Renton, eds., Carboniferous coal short course and guidebook: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Bulletin B-37-3, p. 43-56.

Cecil, C.B., R.W. Stanton, F.T. Dulong, and J.J. Renton, 1982, Geologic factors that control mineral matter in coal, in B.S. Filby, B.S. Carpenter, and R.C. Ragaini, eds., Atomic and nuclear methods in fossil fuel research: New York, Plenum Press, p. 323-335.

Cobb, J.C., 1985, Timing and development of mineralized veins during diagenesis in coal beds, in Compte Rendu of IXICC: SIU Press, Carbondale, v. 4, p. 371-376.

Creelman, R.A., and C.R. Ward, 1996, A scanning electron microscope method for automated, quantitative analysis of mineral matter in coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 30, p. 249-269.

Cressey, B.A., and G. Cressey, 1988, Preliminary mineralogical investigation of Leicestershire low-rank coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 10, p. 177-191.

Crowley, S.S., L.F. Ruppert, H.E. Belkin, R.W. Stanton, and T.A. Moore, 1993, Factors affecting the geochemistry of a thick, subbituminous coal bed in the Powder River basin: volcanic, detrital, and peat-forming processes: Organic Geochemistry, v. 20, p. 843-853.

Dai, S., D. Li, D. Ren, Y. Tang, L. Shao, and H. Song, 2004, Geochemistry of the late Permian No. 30 coal seam, Zhijin Coalfield of southwest China: influence of a siliceous low-temperature hydrothermal fluid: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, p. 1315-1330.

Dai, S., D. Ren, Y. Tang, M. Yue, and L. Hao, 2005, Concentration and distribution of elements in Late Permian coals from western Guizhou Province, China: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 61, p. 119-137.

Davis, A., S.J. Russell, S.M. Rimmer, and J.D. Yeakel, 1984, Some genetic implications of silica and aluminosilicates in peat and coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 3, p. 293-314.

Demir, I., and R.D. Harvey, 1990, Abundance and origin of major minerals in the Herrin coal, Illinois basin, in Mineral matter and ash deposition from coal: New York, Engineering Foundation, p. 13-22.

Díaz-Somoano, M., I Suárez-Ruiz, J.I.G. Alonso, J.R. Encinar, M.A. López-Antón, and M.R. Martínez-Tarazona, 2007, Lead isotope ratios in Spanish coals of different characteristics and origin: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 71, p. 28-36.

Falcone, S.K., and H.H. Schobert, 1984, Mineral transformations during ashing of selected low-rank coals, in K.S. Vorres, ed., Mineral matter and ash in coal: American Chemical Society Symposium Series 301, p. 114-127.

Felgueroso, J., A. Martinez-Alonso, M.R. Martinez-Tarazona, and J.M.D. Tascon, 1988, The determination of mineral matter content of low-rank coals: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 7, p. 127-131.

Filippidis, A., A. Georgakopoulos, and A. Kassoli-Fournaraki, 1996, Mineralogical components of some thermally decomposed lignite and lignite ash from the Ptolemais basin, Greece: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 30, p. 303-314.

Finkelman, R.B., 1982, Modes of occurrence of trace elements and minerals in coal: an analytic approach, in R.H. Filby, B.S. Carpenter, and R.C. Ragaini, eds., Atomic and nuclear methods in fossil energy research: New York, Plenum Press, p. 141-149.

Finkelman, R.B., F.L. Fiene, R.N. Miller, and F.O. Simon, eds., 1984, Interlaboratory comparison of mineral constituents in a sample from the Herrin (no. 6) coal bed from Illinois: USGS Circular 932, 42 p.

Frankie, K.A., and J.C. Hower, 1987, Variation in pyrite size, form and microlithotype association in the Springfield (no. 9) and Herrin (no. 11) coals, western Kentucky: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 7, p. 349-364.

Gayer, R., and D. Rickard, 1994, Colloform gold in coal from southern Wales: Geology, v. 22, p. 35-38.

Glick, D.C., and A. Davis, 1987, Variability in the inorganic element content of U.S. coals including results of cluster analysis: Organic Geochemistry, v. 11, p. 331-342.

Gluskoter, H.J., R.R. Ruch, W.G. Miller, R.A. Cahill, G.B. Dreher, and J.K. Kuhn, 1977, Trace elements in coal: occurrence and distribution: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 499, 154 p.

Golab, A.N., P.F. Carr, and D.R. Palamara, 2006, Influence of localised igneous activity on cleat dawsonite formation in Late Permian coal measures, Upper Hunter Valley, Australia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 66, p. 296-304.

Golab, A.N., A.C. Hutton, and D. French, 2007, Petrography, carbonate mineralogy and geochemistry of thermally altered coal in Permian coal measures, Hunter Valley, Australia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 70, p. 150-165.

Goodarzi, F., and E. Van Der Flier-Keller, 1990, Variation of elements in the southern intermontane coals of British Columbia, Canada: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 9, p. 62-65.

Goodarzi, F., H. Sanei, L.D. Stasiuk, H. Bagheri-Sadeghi, and J. Reyes, 2006, A preliminary study of mineralogy and geochemistry of four coal samples from northern Iran: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 65, p. 35-50.

Harris, L.A., T. Rose, L. Derose, and J. Greene, 1977, Quantitative analysis of pyrite in coal by optical image techniques: Economic Geology, v. 72, p. 695-697.

Harvey, R.D., and P.J. DeMaris, 1987, Size and maceral association of pyrite in Illinois coals and their float-sink fractions: Organic Geochemistry, v. 11, p. 343-349.

Harvey, R.D., and R.R. Ruch, 1986, Mineral matter in Illinois and other U.S. coals, in K.S. Vorres, ed., Mineral matter and ash in coal: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 301, p. 10-40.

Hill, P.A., 1988, The vertical distribution of minerals in coal zones A, B, C, D, Hat Creek, British Columbia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 10, p. 141-153.

Hower, J.C., and J.D. Robertson, 2003, Clausthalite in coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 53, p. 219-225.

Huggins, F.E., G.P. Huffman, and R.J. Lee, 1982, Scanning electron microscope-based automated image analysis (SEM-AIA) and Mossbauer spectroscopy: quantitative characterization of coal minerals, in E.L. Fuller, Jr., ed., Coal and coal products: analytical characterization techniques: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 205, p. 239-258.

Huggins, F.E., 2002, Overview of analytical methods for inorganic constituents in coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 50, p. 169-214.

Jenkins, R.G., and P.L. Walker, Jr., 1978, Analysis of mineral matter in coal, in C. Karr, Jr., ed., Analytical methods for coal and coal products, v. 2: New York, Academic Press, p. 265-292.

Kimura, T., H. Kawashima, and I. Saito, 1994, Smectite and illite/smectite mixed-layer clay minerals in the Ashibetsu clays: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 26, p. 215-231.

King, H.M., and J.J. Renton, 1979, The mode of occurrence and distribution of sulfur in West Virginia coals, in A.C. Donaldson, M.W. Presley, and J.J. Renton, eds., Carboniferous coal short course and guidebook: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Bulletin B-37-1, p. 278-301.

Kortenski, J., 1992, Carbonate minerals in Bulgarian coals with different degrees of coalification: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 20, p. 225-242.

Kortenski, J., and I. Kostova, 1996, Occurrence and morphology of pyrite in Bulgarian coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 29, p. 273-290.

Kostova, I., and A. Zdravkov, 2007, Organic petrology, mineralogy and depositional environment of the Kipra lignite seam, Maritza-West Basin, Bulgaria: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 71, p. 527-541.

Li, Z., C.R. Ward, and L.W. Gurba, 2007, Occurrence of non-mineral inorganic elements in low-rank coal macerals as shown by electron microprobe element mapping techniques: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 70, p. 137-149.

Lindahl, P.C., and R.B. Finkelman, 1986, Factors influencing major, minor and trace element variations in U.S. coals, in K.S. Vorris, ed., Mineral matter and ash in coal: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 301, p. 61-69.

López-Buendía, A.M., M.K.G. Whateley, J. Bastida, and M.M. Urquiola, 2007, Origins of mineral matter in peat marsh and peat bog deposits, Spain: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 71, p. 246-262.

Lyons, P.C., C.A. Palmer, N.H. Bostick, J.D. Fletcher, F.T. Dulong, F.W. Brown, Z.A. Brown, M.R. Krasnow, and L.A. Romankiw, 1989, Chemistry and origin of minor and trace elements in vitrinite concentrates from a rank series from the eastern United States, England, and Australia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 13, p. 481-527.

Lyons, P.C., D.A. Spears, W.F. Outerbridge, R.D. Congdon, and H.T. Evans, Jr., 1994, Euramerican tonsteins: overview, magmatic origin, and depositional-tectonic implications: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 106, p. 113-134.

Lyons, P.C., T.E. Krogh, Y.Y. Kwok, D.W. Davis, W.F. Outerbridge, and H.T. Evans, Jr., 2006, Radiometric ages of the Fire Clay tonstein [Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous), Westphalian, Duckmantian]: a comparison of U-Pb zircon single-crystal ages and 40Ar/39Ar sanidine single-crystal plateau ages: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 67, p. 259-266.

Mackowsky, M.-T., 1968, Mineral matter in coal, in D.G. Murchison and T.S. Westoll, eds., Coal and coal-bearing strata: Edinburgh, p. 309-321.

Mackowsky, M.-T., 1982, Minerals and trace elements occurring in coal, in Stach’s textbook of coal petrology, third revised and enlarged edition: Berlin, Gebruder Borntraeger, p. 153-171.

Mandile, A.J., and A.C. Hutton, 1995, Quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of mineral and organic phases in organic-rich rocks: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 28, p. 51-69.

Martinez-Alonso, A., M.R. Martinez-Tarazona, and J.M.D. Tascon, 1992, Mineral matter in Spanish bituminous and brown coals, part 1. Development of methodology and identification of inorganic constituents: Erdol und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 45, no. 3, p. 121-128.

Martinez-Tarazona, M.R., A. Martinez-Alonso, and J.M.D. Tascon, 1993, Mineral matter in Spanish bituminous and brown coals, part 2. Mineral matter quantification: Erdol und Kohle-Erdgas-Petrochemie, v. 46, no. 5, p. 202-209.

Mazumdar, M., R.W. Carlton, and G.A. Irdi, 1988, Statistical relationship between pyrite grain size distribution and pyritic sulfur reduction in Ohio coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 9, p. 371-383.

Mraw, S.C., J.P. De Neufville, H. Freund, Z. Baset, M.L. Gorbaty, and F.J. Wright, 1983, The science of mineral matter in coal, in M.L. Gorbaty, J.W. Larsen, and I. Wender, eds., Coal science, v. 2: New York, Academic Press, p. 1-63.

Nayak, R.V., F.W. Bauer, and T.P. Tonden, 1987, Mineral matter in coal -- origin, identification, high-temperature transformation, and boiler erosion: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 6, p. 37-43.

Neuzil, S.G., Supardi, C.B. Cecil, J.S. Kane, and K. Soedjono, 1993, Inorganic geochemistry of domed peat in Indonesia and its implication for the origin of mineral matter in coal, in J.C. Cobb and C.B. Cecil, eds., Modern and ancient coal-forming environments: GSA Special Paper 286, p. 23-44.

Parks, B.C., 1952, Mineral matter in coal, in Second conference on the origin and constitution of coal: Nova Scotia Department of Mines, p. 272-292.

Pickhardt, W., 1989, Trace elements in minerals of German bituminous coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 14, p. 137-153.

Pinetown, K.L., C.R. Ward, and W.A. van der Westhuizen, 2007, Quantitative evaluation of minerals in coal deposits in the Witbank and Highveld coalfields, and the potential impact on acid mine drainage: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 70, p. 166-183.

Rao, C.P., and H.J. Gluskoter, 1973, Occurrence and distribution of minerals in Illinois coals: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 476, 56 p.

Renton, J.J., 1979, The mineral matter of coal, in A.C. Donaldson, M.W. Presley, and J.J. Renton, eds., Carboniferous coal short course and guidebook: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Bulletin B-37-1, p. 189-205.

Renton, J.J., 1982, Mineral matter in coal, in R.A. Meyers, ed., Coal structure: New York, Academic Press, p. 283-326.

Renton, J.J., and C.B. Cecil, 1979, The origin of mineral matter in coal, in A.C. Donaldson, M.W. Presley, and J.J. Renton, eds., Carboniferous coal short course and guidebook: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Bulletin B-37-1, p. 206-223.

Robbins, G.A., 1991, Coal structure, the problem with minerals, in H.H. Schobert, K.D. Bartle, and L.J. Lynch, eds., Coal science II: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 461, p. 44-60.

Ruppert, L.F., S.G. Neuzil, C.B. Cecil, and J.S. Kane, 1993, Inorganic constituents from samples of a domed and lacustrine peat, Sumatra, Indonesia, in J.C. Cobb and C.B. Cecil, eds., Modern and ancient coal-forming environments: GSA Special Paper 286, p. 83-96.

Ruppert, L.F., J.C. Hower, and C.F. Eble, 2005, Arsenic-bearing pyrite and marcasite in the Fire Clay coal bed, Middle Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation, eastern Kentucky: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 63, p. 27-35.

Russell, S.J., and S.M. Rimmer, 1979, Analysis of mineral matter in coal, coal gasification ash, and coal liquefaction residues by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction, in C. Karr, Jr., ed., Analytical methods for coal and coal products, v. 3: New York, Academic Press, p. 133-162.

Sakurovs, R., D. French, and M. Grigore, 2007, Quantification of mineral matter in commercial cokes and their parent coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 72, p. 81-88.

Schatzel, S.J., and B.W. Stewart, 2003, Rare earth element sources and modifications in the Lower Kittanning coal bed, Pennsylvania: implications for the origin of coal mineral matter and rare earth element exposure in underground mines: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 54, p. 223-251.

Southam, G., R. Donald, A. Röstad, and C. Brock, 2001, Pyrite discs in coal: evidence for fossilized bacterial colonies: Geology, v. 29, p. 47-50.

Spears, D.A., 1987, Mineral matter in coals, with special reference to the Pennine Coalfields, in A.C. Scott, ed., Coal and coal-bearing strata: recent advances: Boston, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Geological Society Special Publication 32, p. 171-185.

Spears, D.A., and S.A. Caswell, 1986, Mineral matter in coals: cleat minerals and their origin in some coals from the English midlands: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 6, p. 107-125.

Spears, D.A., and P.C. Lyons, 1995, An update on British tonsteins, in M.K.G. Whateley and D.A. Spears, eds., European coal geology: London, Geological Society Special Publication 82, p. 137-146.

Spears, D.A., and M.R. Martinez-Tarazona, 1993, Geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of a power station feed-coal, Eggsborough, England: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 22, p. 1-20.

Speight, J.G., 2005, Handbook of coal analysis: Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons, Chemical Analysis Monograph v. 166, 222 p. (mineral matter p. 92-109)

Sprunk, G.C., and H.J. O’Donnell, 1942, Mineral matter in coal: U.S. Bureau of Mines, Technical Paper 648, 67 p.

Straszheim, W.E., and R. Markuszewski, 1991, Advances in quantitative assessment of the association of mineral matter with coal, in H.H. Schobert, K.D. Bartle, and L.J. Lynch, eds., Coal science II: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 461, p. 31-43.

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Swaine, D.J., 1992, The organic association of elements in coals: Organic Geochemistry, v. 18, p. 259-261.

Sykes, R., and J.K. Lindqvist, 1993, Diagenetic quartz and amorphous silica in New Zealand coals: Organic Geochemistry, v. 20, p. 855-866.

Ural, S., and M. Akyildiz, 2004, Studies of the relationship between mineral matter and grinding properties of low-rank coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 60, p. 81-84.

Ural, S., 2007, Quantification of crystalline (mineral) matter in some Turkish coals using interactive Rietveld-based X-ray diffractometry: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 71, p. 176-184.

Valkovic, V., ed., 1983, Trace elements in coal: Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, v. 1, p. 35-104.

Vaninetti, G.E., and C.F. Busch, 1982, Mineral analysis of ash data: a utility perspective: Journal of Coal Quality, v. 1, p. 22-31.

Vassilev, S.V., M.G. Yossifova, and C.G. Vassileva, 1994, Mineralogy and geochemistry of Bobov Dol coals, Bulgaria: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 26, p. 185-213.

Vorres, K.S., ed., 1986, Mineral matter and ash in coal: Washington, D.C., American Chemical Society, ACS Symposium Series 301, 557 p.

Wang, W., Y. Qin, C. Wei, Z. Li, Y. Guo, and Y. Zhu, 2006, Partitioning of elements and macerals during preparation of Antaibao coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 68, p. 223-232.

Ward, C.R., 1977, Mineral matter in the Springfield-Harrisburg (no. 5) coal member in the Illinois basin: Illinois State Geological Survey, Circular 498, 35 p.

Ward, C.R., 1989, Minerals in bituminous coals of the Sydney basin (Australia) and the Illinois basin (U.S.A.): International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 13, p. 455-479.

Ward, C.R., 1991, Mineral matter in low-rank coals and associated strata of the Mae Moh basin, northern Thailand: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 17, p. 69-93.

Ward, C.R., 1992, Mineral matter in Triassic and Tertiary low-rank coals from south Australia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 20, p. 185-208.

Ward, C.R., and P.J. Christie, 1994, Clays and other minerals in coal seams of the Moura-Baralaba area, Bowen basin, Australia: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 25, p. 287-309.

Ward, C.R., and J.C. Taylor, 1996, Quantitative mineralogical analysis of coals from the Callide basin, Queensland, Australia using x-ray diffractometry and normative interpretation: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 30, p. 211-229.

Ward, C.R., J.F. Corcoran, J.D. Saxby, and H.W. Read, 1996, Occurrence of phosphorus minerals in Australian coal seams: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 30, p. 185-210.

Ward, C.R., 2002, Analysis and significance of mineral matter in coal seams: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 50, p. 135-168.

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Wiese, R.G., Jr., and W.S. Fyfe, 1986, Occurrences of iron sulfides in Ohio coals: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 6, p. 251-276.

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Zodrow, E.L., P.C. Lyons, and M.A. Millay, 1996, Geochemistry of autochthonous and hypautochthonous siderite-dolomite coal-balls (Foord Seam, Bolsovian, Upper Carboniferous), Nova Scotia, Canada: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 29, p. 199-216.


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